J

ust six years ago it was hard to imagine any future for London other than never-ending growth and success as the world’s number one metropolis.

In February 2015, with the golden triumph of the Olympics still a warm, recent memory, the capital’s population hit an all-time high of 8.6 million.

The Mayor, one Boris Johnson, hailed the new record and said it proved London was “the best big city on the planet”. He confidently predicted the population would smash through 11 million by 2050. But after the twin disasters of the Brexit referendum in 2016 and the pandemic over the last 15 months everything has changed.

A badly-wounded London now faces an uncertain future; much of its centre has been a “ghost town” for more than a year, restaurants and construction sites are struggling to find workers, and visitors from abroad are down by more than 90 per cent.

Even worse, that ebullient former mayor now leads a Conservative Government heavily in debt to the northern Red Wall and with little sympathy for the Remain and Labour-voting capital.

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We do not yet know for certain how many people have left London since the pandemic, although some wild estimates have suggested that as many as 700,000 mainly European-born inhabitants have gone home. A more realistic assessment from consultants PwC suggests that the exodus last year was around 300,000. If true, that would be the first annual fall since 1988.

Policy makers will not know for sure what the impact on the population has been until the first official Census figures are published next year. But they are unlikely to be encouraging.

In the meantime a whole swathe of anecdotal and statistical evidence points to shortages of the life blood of labour, commuters, residents and tourists that once kept London’s economy in rude health.

The Government’s continuing work from home advice has hit London harder than any other part of the country with Tube use still down around 60 per cent on pre-pandemic levels and bus use 40 per cent down.

Footfall in the main shopping streets of the West End is still only about 50 per cent of “normal” with the pavements of Oxford Street now uncharacteristically easy to navigate. In Soho and Mayfair, the restaurants are full, particularly at weekends — but they have a different problem. No staff.

Hospitality businesses facing ‘disaster’ PA

At its peak more than half of all hospitality staff in London were from other EU countries, rising to 75 per cent in certain sectors such as waiting in restaurants. Brexit alone would have been a huge challenge, but with Covid layered on top, many staff who might have considered coming back are now rethinking, some claiming furlough money from their homes in Spain, Portugal and Italy.

David Moore, owner of Michelin-starred Pied a Terre in Fitzrovia, became the latest high-profile chef to cut back on the number of services. He has scrapped lunch for at least a month after three of his five chefs were headhunted to work in a DC Universe-themed restaurant opening in Soho.

He has been deeply critical of the way the Government has handled Brexit arguing that the five-year residency requirement has led to a disastrous mass departure of the staff who made London the world’s leading gastronomic capital.

Another leading London restaurateur Claude Bosi, chef proprietor at two Michelin-starred Bibendum in South Kensington, said: “It’s a proper disaster, it’s carnage. We have had to close the upstairs restaurants on Sundays. We were doing nine services, Wednesday night to Sunday night for dinner and Thursday to Sunday for lunch, now we are down to seven.

“We can’t have a bar downstairs Monday to Wednesday because we can’t find a barman. It’s the first time I’ve turned people away and I’ve been running a restaurant for 24 years.

“It’s a mix of furlough and not being able to get people from Europe. To get a visa for someone from Europe is nearly £4,000 and if you employ a lawyer that’s another £2,000 to £2,500, so that’s already £6,500. You just can’t do that. The next time Priti Patel goes to a restaurant she is going to have to get the food herself from the kitchen because there won’t be anyone to serve her.”

Labour shortages in construction ‘inevitable’ Coronavirus : London during lockdown – In pictures

1/50Coronavirus : London during lockdown – In pictures

A woman jogging near City Hall, London, the day after Prime Minister Boris Johnson put the UK in lockdown

PA

An image of Queen Elizabeth II and quotes from her broadcast on Sunday to the UK and the Commonwealth in relation to the coronavirus epidemic are displayed on lights in London’s Piccadilly Circus

PA

A pedestrian walks past a billboard reading “Please believe these days will pass” on Broadway Market in east London

AFP via Getty Images

Military vehicles cross Westminster Bridge

Getty Images

Boris Johnson

Jeremy Selwyn

Sun-seekers cool off in the water and sunbathe on the riverbank at Hackney Marshes in east London

AFP via Getty Images

Ed Davey is shown on screens as he speaks via videolink during Prime Minister’s Questions in the House of Commons, London

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A herd of fallow deer graze on the lawns in front of a housing estate in Harold Hill in east London

AFP via Getty Images

A woman wearing a mask crosses a bridge over Camden Lock, London

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An empty Millenium Bridge

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A sign advertising a book titled “How Will We Survive On Earth?” is seen on an underground station platform

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People push to enter the Niketown shop in Londo

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Jo Proudlove and daughter Eve, 9, follow the daily online “PE with Joe” Joe Wickes’ exercise class on “Fancy dress Friday

Reuters

Waterloo station looking empty

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Police in Westminster

Jeremy Selwyn

Getty Images

A quiet Parliament Square

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PABest A man walks along a passageway at London’s Oxford Street Underground station the day after Prime Minister Boris Johnson put the UK in lockdown to help curb the spread of the Coronavirus

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Social distancing markers around the camel enclosure at ZSL London Zoo

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A police car patrols Greenwich Park in London

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The Premier League in action in front of empty stands

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Novikov restaurant in London with its shutters pulled down while the restaurant is closed.

A deserted Piccadilly Circus

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A general view is seen of a deserted Trafalgar Square

AFP via Getty Images

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The iconic Abbey Road crossing is seen after a re-paint by a Highways Maintenance team as they take advantage of the COVID-19 coronavirus lockdown and quiet streets to refresh the markings

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A view of 20 Fenchurch Street (the ‘Walkie Talkie’ building) in the City of London, the day after Prime Minister Boris Johnson put the UK in lockdown to help curb the spread of the coronavirus

PA

A deserted Chinatown

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A person looks at graffiti on a JD Wetherspoon pub in Crystal Palace, south London. Wetherspoons workers have described founder Tim Martin’s lack of support for his chain’s 40,000 employees as “absolutely outrageous”

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The London ExCel centre that has been turned into a makeshift NHS Hospital and critical care unit to cope with the Coronavirus pandemic

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The Palace Theatre, which usually shows the Harry Potter and the Cursed Child play, sits in a deserted Shaftesbury Avenue

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The Sondheim Theatre, which usually shows the Les Miserables musical, sits in a deserted Shaftesbury Avenue

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Two members of a British Army mounted regiment exercise their horses in Parliament Square

AP

Westminster Bridge is deserted

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A quiet Canary Wharf Underground Station

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An empty street and bus stop at St James’s Park

AFP via Getty Images

Whitehall

Jeremy Selwyn

A quiet Canary Wharf Underground Station

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A single pedestrian walks past The national Gallery

AFP via Getty Images

London Bridge Station

Jeremy Selwyn

Kings Cross and St Pancras

Jeremy Selwyn

Buckingham Palace looking empty in London,

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London Bridge Station

Jeremy Selwyn

Kings Cross and St Pancras

Jeremy Selwyn

London Bridge Station

Jeremy Selwyn

London’s Carnaby Street empty as shops closed after a lockdown was announced in the latest bid to stop the spread of coronavirus through the UK

AP

A single pedestrian walks past The national Gallery

AFP via Getty Images

A quiet Jubilee line westbound train carriage

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A quiet Canary Wharf Underground Station

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Empty Embankment

Jeremy Selwyn

Bosses in another huge London industry, construction, says acute labour shortages have been avoided for now but are inevitable as activity ramps up.

Jan Crosby, head of infrastructure building and construction at consultants KPMG, said that as well as workers such as bricklayers that are needed to build homes, specialists such as engineers for new green energy heat systems and experts in fire safety after Grenfell are in desperately short supply.

The London property market is also telling a sombre story as families swap flats and terraced homes with limited outdoor space for detached homes and gardens in the Home Counties and beyond.

The work from home revolution means many can swap the expensive daily grind of commuting for a new life outside London’s gravitational pull.

Recent Land Registry figures showed that while prices in London rose just 3.3 per cent in the year to April — the smallest rise for any region in the UK — in the South-West they shot up 9.1 per cent and Wales by 15.6 per cent. Transport for London is planning for a medium-term future with just 80 per cent of the number of passengers of the “old normal”.

Nick Bowles, chief executive of the Centre for London thinktank, warned that even if commuting falls by an average of just one day a week “that is not a marginal decrease. It will have a big impact on central London especially if you factor in how long it is going to take for international travel to get to previous levels”.

“In fact there is a big question mark over whether it will ever get back to where it was. Are businesses going to need to spend £2,000 flying someone to a meeting when they can do it by Zoom or Teams?”

Professor Tony Travers, director of LSE London, said: “Almost all migration has been frozen by Covid. It has created the no immigration situation that opponents of immigration always wanted. But it just doesn’t work. The UK is an open and ageing society and we know from the experience of Japan when you are in that situation you have to look elsewhere for labour.

“The UK is going to have to go back to a more relaxed visa policy with substantially higher levels of immigration… Without this there will be labour shortages and the economy won’t grow as fast as it should do.”

Downturn to be followed by a boom?

However, London’s long history of resilience and recovery suggests that every downturn is followed by another extraordinary boom.

Its biggest housebuilder is certainly not giving up on the capital. When Berkeley published its results this week it said the impact of the pandemic “does not represent a permanent structural shift that has the capacity to reverse urbanisation or detract from the attraction of a global city such as London, with all that it has to offer in terms of culture, entertainment, education, recreation and business”.

Until that bounce back plays out there are likely to be fewer Londoners sharing this great city for several years to come.

Read more: London schools may close as many families choose to move